Frequently Asked Questions

General Questions

When will the RFPIs be announced?

Nine RFPIs were released and announced on December 10, 2025.

To view Active RFPIs, please click here.

How many contracts will be awarded?

The number of contracts depends on the number of proposals received and the available funding.

Is there a concept paper that should be submitted for these RFPIs before the full proposal stage or should all interested applicants just submit a full proposal by February 28th?

There is not a concept paper phase for these RFPIs. Interested applicants should submit their full proposal, including the Initial RFPI Proposal Forms. These forms can be accessed under the “Forms” section of the website, or by clicking the “Download Proposal Forms” button located under each RFPI.

Does USABC plan to conduct any outreach activities to provide high-level guidance on the RFPIs?

At this time, no outreach activities are currently planned. Instead, interested applicants are encouraged to review the FAQ section of the USABC website and submit any questions through the USABC Help form located under the Tools & Resources section. All questions received and answered will be posted in the FAQ section to ensure transparency and serve as a reference for other applicants.

Can individuals apply to multiple RFPIs?

As shared in the ‘How to Submit a Proposal’ located under the RFPI Process section of the website, an applicant may submit multiple Full Proposals under a single RFP, provided each proposal is for a distinct and scientifically unique project.

Additionally, applicants may submit proposals under different RFPIs and may participate as either the primary recipient or sub-recipient on separate proposals.

When applying to multiple RFPs-whether as the primary recipient, a sub-recipient, or both-this information must be disclosed on the Potentially Duplicative Funding Form submitted with each full proposal.

USABC has previously funded two programs with the same company at the same time, but there is a high bar to pass to demonstrate that the work being performed is not duplicative, and that there are sufficient resources at the company to support multiple programs.

Can we lead proposals for multiple distinct RFPIs? (eg. High Energy EV cells RFPI and Electrolytes RFPI).

USABC has previously funded two programs with the same company at the same time, but there is a high bar to pass to demonstrate that the work being performed is not duplicative, and that there are sufficient resources at the company to support multiple programs.

Can we be a partner in multiple RFPIs in the same category (eg, 2 distinct proposals for the EV Cell RFPI) if we are not the lead for that proposal? (our efforts would not be duplicative as each cell chemistry needs a specific electrolyte formulation)

USABC has previously funded two programs with the same company at the same time, but there is a high bar to pass to demonstrate that the work being performed is not duplicative, and that there are sufficient resources at the company to support multiple programs.

Are developers expected to use the Prototype Cell Fabricators approved by USABC through its RFPI or can a developer use their own cell fabricator?

Developers are NOT required to use the Cell Fabricators identified as part of the USABC Prototype Cell Fabricator RFPI. However, developers that do not have the in-house capability to build the required cell deliverable identified in the respective RFPI may utilize one of the identified Prototype Cell Fabricators.

If a developer uses one of the USABC-identified Prototype Cell Fabricators, does the build cost need to be budgeted in the developer’s proposal or is it covered as part of the USABC RFPI?

Any agreement between a developer and a cell fabricator, including a USABC identified fabricator, is a separate negotiation that should be included in the proposed statement of work and budget. This is an independent cost that is NOT covered by USABC as part of its Prototype Cell Fabricator RFPI.

How are proposals evaluated?

All responses will be considered by representatives of the Members and will be ranked in order of merit.

What feedback can applicants anticipate post-submission?

After submission, applicants can anticipate being notified if additional information is necessary to complete the proposal evaluation or if the application does not meet the RFPI criteria. Applicants will also be informed if their proposal is submitted for DOE Risk Review and advised of the final application documents required upon DOE acceptance. Applicants may choose to complete those forms while awaiting DOE Risk Review clearance or wait until the review is finalized. Additional follow-on conversations may occur as determined by the relevant workgroup or by the leadership team as the proposal progresses through the program approval process.

How will applicants be notified if their proposal was accepted for further consideration?

All applicants will be notified by email to indicate if a proposal is accepted or declined. 

I noticed that there is the same cost share table in all of the RFPIs. Does this mean that for each RFPI the categories listed in the table are the technologies of focus specifically for that RFPI?

Correct. The cost share table is not specific to the RFPI. In many ways, USABC tries to keep RFPIs chemistry agnostic and focus more on application requirements, but the allowable cost share for different technologies was provided by DOE. The intent in providing the full cost share table in each RFPI was for information sharing, not technology guidance within each RFPI.

If awarded and our team develops some patents under this award, who will own the IP?

Subrecipients selected for subawards will retain all right, title, and interest to Intellectual Property developed solely by Subrecipient under subrecipient awards, provided the subrecipient agrees to absorb the non-federal cost share set forth in their Subrecipient Agreement.

Do the RFPIs titled ‘Development of Advanced High Energy Batteries for Electric Drive Vehicle Applications’ and ‘Development of Advanced Batteries for Electric Vehicle (EV) Applications’ represent two distinct topic areas, and which funding range and scope should be used for proposal planning?

These are two separate RFPI topics with different projected funding levels that are funded by the same cooperative agreement from DOE: DE-EE0011268. The differences in program objectives can be seen in the cell design targets shown in Appendix A for each RFPI.

The budget justification template under ‘Forms’ (EERE-T540.132-01-Budget-Justification) says the expiration date is 04/30/3035 (OMB Control Number: 1910-5162). Is this the correct version of the budget justification template to use for proposal submission?

Yes. This Budget Justification form is the form applicable to the terms of our award with the Department of Energy.

Regarding the cost share, should the cost share requirement (e.g. 50%) be met based on the budget each year or based on the total budget over 3 years? My understanding is that it should be based on the total budget over 3 years. But for each year, the cost share could vary but should be close to 50%, such as 45%-55%.

The non-federal cost share is expected to be contributed on an individual invoice basis for each budget period. While it is correct that the federal and non-share of costs may vary from budget period to budget period, subrecipients will be obligated to meet the overall non-federal cost share requirement applicable to the total award in the event of an early termination of a subaward.

As PI or co-PI, is there any working time limitation for this project? One month at least per year?

Applicants should plan for a level of PI effort that is commensurate with the responsibilities of the role and sufficient to oversee and direct the proposed activities. Applicants are advised to ensure that individuals designated as the Principal Investigator and/or Co-Principal Investigators should be personnel responsible for the overall leadership, management, and technical direction of a subrecipient award.

Caution and sound judgment should be exercised when designating very senior leadership personnel as Principal Investigators, unless such individuals will be substantively and consistently engaged in the effort, with demonstrable involvement on a regular (e.g., weekly) basis and active participation in key milestone reviews and reporting (e.g., quarterly). Designations should reflect actual technical and managerial responsibility rather than title alone.

Can an individual serve as a project participant on both the primary recipient and second-tier subrecipient teams under the same proposal?

This situation is not expressly prohibited. However, applicants will need to fully disclose proposed subrecipient and lower-tier subrecipient arrangements and demonstrate to the satisfaction of USABC that proper contractual and managerial control mechanisms are in place. These mechanisms must ensure that both individual personnel and entities included in the project team can properly avoid conflicts of interest, cost and effort duplication, intellectual property entanglement/disagreement, as well as other potential inconsistencies and entanglements. Proposals submitted will need to address such risks and demonstrate the value of the overall team and the organizational policies and procedures that will enable proper execution of the proposed project.

We understand from the text of the RFPIs that DOE permission may be required for non-US entities. Does a DOE waiver need to be secured prior to Phase 1 submission or after moving to Phase 2?

The waiver request happens during Phase 2, if your proposal is ranked highly enough to move towards finalizing the SOW. You do not need the approved waiver to submit your proposal for consideration.

We understand that 100% of the work under an award should be conducted in the US and with domestic suppliers. Would it be seen as a negative for an entity to leverage expertise and facilities outside of the US for execution, assuming a Foreign Work Waiver?

Funded work must be done in the US unless a Foreign Work Waiver is approved by DOE. If the program incorporates learning from outside the US or the materials necessary to be successful in the program need to be sourced internationally, this may be acceptable if properly disclosed before work begins and is approved by USABC and the DOE.

Targets in most RFPIs indicate EOL criteria. In this case is EOL defined as 80% or 70% of SOH or by a definitive cycle number? If % capacity retention, several targets across RFPIs exceed any known material or material combination. Also the targets are not necessarily self-consistent. Can you clarify whether it is USABC’s expectation that all targets are met within a 2-3 year time period? Or alternatively, do you expect that proposals focus on the most critical and addressable targets?

End of life is based on the cycle/calendar life targets. The goal is to still meet the power & energy targets after completing the required number of cycles. So, the BOL buffer will depend on your expectation for the technology. If you can demonstrate that you would still have 90% energy after 1000 cycles in an EV program, your BOL energy value could be lower than someone who expects to only have 70% energy at end of life. In the absence of a target from the developer, we have traditionally assumed 20% energy fade to set a BOL target.

The targets are not necessarily self-consistent. Can you clarify whether it is USABC’s expectation that all targets are met within a 2-3 year time period? Or alternatively, do you expect that proposals focus on the most critical and addressable targets?

USABC understands that the comprehensive set of USABC goals is quite challenging. In the absence of meeting all goals, we would prioritize programs that can demonstrate a feasible path to meeting the goals in the long term, even if they can’t necessarily meet the targets within a single 2-3 year development program, and programs that can offer a compelling improvement in critical areas without negatively impacting other state of the art metrics. We rate and rank proposals based on a quantitative evaluation rubric, so a high score in certain areas may be enough to overcome shortcomings in other areas (relative to target) and make a compelling proposal.

Can a university can serve as the lead organization of a proposal, while a company can serve as a subrecipient?

Under Cooperative Agreement DE EE0011268, an institution of higher education may serve as the lead organization, while a for profit company may participate as a subrecipient, provided all DOE, USABC, and subaward terms and conditions are satisfied. This includes the business objectives stated in the RFPI, “At the time of proposal submission all developers are required to have relevant demonstration hardware (e.g. battery cells, materials, equipment) and test results available for USABC inspection to verify technology feasibility. […] Developers lacking relevant hardware and test results available for inspection by USABC at the time of submittal need not respond.”

How will our data be protected throughout the program duration?

Prior to a Subaward: As stated in each RFP, proposals submitted to the consortium are not treated as confidential. Applicants are advised not to include proprietary, confidential, or trade secret information in their submissions, as proposals may be shared internally for evaluation and may be subject to disclosure in accordance with applicable policies and laws. Any proprietary data you produce and properly mark as such will be protected accordingly. DOE and USABC do not gain rights to publicly disclose proprietary information beyond what the subaward terms require.

During and after a Subaward: Data generated will be protected in accordance with the Subrecipient Agreement Terms and Conditions which require USABC and DOE to treat any properly marked proprietary or confidential information as protected and restrict its use solely to fulfilling obligations under Award DE EE0011268.

The agreement explicitly states that:
• Confidential information must be used only for performance of the project.
• DOE receives only the rights necessary to meet federal requirements; proprietary data remains protected when properly marked.
• USABC must safeguard information encountered during inspections and may not use it outside the scope of the agreement.

These provisions collectively ensure that your data is protected for the duration of the award and beyond.

Is a wholly owned subsidiary of a South Korean Company eligible for these awards either as a prime or sub-recipient.

All work performed under this award must be performed in the United States. Further all recipients and subrecipients must be organized, chartered or incorporated (or otherwise formed) under the laws of a state or territory of the United States; have majority domestic ownership and control; and have a physical location for business operations in the United States. In limited circumstance paticipation by a non-U.S. entity may be allowable pending DOE approval of a Waiver for Foreign Entity Participation. The waiver must demonstrate to the satisfaction of DOE that the foreign entity’s participation would further the purposes of the award, is in the economic and energy security interests of the United States, does not pose an undue Research, Technology and Economic Security risk, and is otherwise in the best interest of the DOE program goals and agency priorities.

Who will be able to access our data – all USCAR affiliates or a select group?

The Subrecipient Agreement does not grant blanket access to all USCAR affiliates. Access is limited and purpose bound. Only those personnel participating in the funded effort or involved in oversight have access, consistent with contract obligations.

• Access is limited to USABC, DOE, and authorized representatives acting strictly within the scope of the cooperative agreement.
• Any information shared must be limited to individuals with a need to know for project execution, oversight, or compliance.

USABC must protect any out of scope subject matter encountered during site visits and treat it as confidential.

Will involvement in the program encumber any of our existing IP generated prior to the program?

No. Your background IP remains entirely your own. Your existing IP is not encumbered, transferred, licensed, or otherwise affected by participating in the program—as long as you clearly identify it as background IP.

I notice that the IP provisions document states that the DOE waives rights subject inventions, but the recipient/sub-recipient may retain them. As USCAR is the recipient of the award and we would be a sub-recipient, does this mean that new IP would become joint IP?

New IP does not become joint IP solely because USCAR is the recipient and you are a sub recipient.

Under the DOE Cooperative Agreement framework, ownership of new IP follows inventorship, not award hierarchy. Specifically:
• Each party may retain ownership of Subject Inventions it solely invents, whether that party is the prime recipient (USCAR/USABC) or a sub recipient.
• A Subject Invention becomes jointly owned only if it is jointly invented by personnel from more than one entity, consistent with U.S. patent law.
• The fact that USCAR is the prime recipient and you are a sub recipient does not, by itself, create joint ownership of IP.
• As provided in our Model Subrecipient Agreement, any additional rights granted to USABC, USCAR, USCAR member companies, or their affiliates arise only if USABC absorbs some or all of the SUBRECIPIENT’s required non federal cost share, in which case SUBRECIPIENT grants a non exclusive, perpetual, royalty free license, not ownership.

Absent joint inventorship or such a cost share based license grant, SUBRECIPIENT developed IP remains solely owned by SUBRECIPIENT, subject only to:
• DOE’s standard government use license; and
• The express license provisions set forth in the Subrecipient Agreement.

How will the proposals will be evaluated quantitatively? Is there a grading rubric? Or some direction as to how each section will be weighted during the scoring phase?

Proposals are evaluated based on four primary criteria:
• Technical Merit – prior feasibility demonstration, comparison to USABC goals
• Technical Approach – critical gaps are addressed with reasonable tasks
• Program Cost – program cost and cost share is appropriate given gaps and maturity of technology
• Developer Competency – prior R&D experience, capable of existing domestic facilities

We recommend that proposers focus on crafting a submission that clearly aligns with the goals and objectives outlined in the applicable RFPI, as this will be the basis for evaluation.

The RFPI for this topic states that the estimated program funding is $3-5million and there are expected to be 3-5 proposals funded. I interpret this as meaning that the $3-5million is the total to be distributed between all awardees. Is this correct?

That is correct. The actual number of subawards entered into and the total amount funded will depend on the quantity and quality of proposals received, as well as the availability of funding.

We noticed that the current and pending support forms require covered individuals to complete NSF security trainings. Are covered individuals required to complete these trainings as part of the RFI application? If so, do they need to complete the trainings prior to submitting an application, or can they complete the trainings later during award selection as a post-award items?

The Research and Security Training for any individual designated as a Covered Individual does not need to be completed prior to submitting a proposal. However, completion of this training will be required for any proposal that is selected for a subaward.

We are confused about the DOE Award Number (CID), Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) Number, and Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) Name in the Environmental Questionnaire.

DOE Award Number DE-EE0011268; NOFO Number DE-FOA-0002965

What are the formatting requirements for proposals? (font, font size, margins, figures, any specific cover page, etc.)

The proposal containing the technical information and any figures is a maximum of 25 pages with a 1” border. The cover page does not count towards the 25-page limit. The font should be a sans-serif typeface no smaller than 11 point (i.e. Arial, Helvetica, Calibri, or Aptos).

What is the expected timing of these proposals? When are award announcements expected, and when should projects be scheduled for kickoff?

USABC anticipates the first round of funding will begin in July 2026, following technical review, down-selection, negotiation, and DOE coordination.

What additional documents are required for proposals that include subrecipients, and what is the timing for these? In particular, what documents are the Prime responsible for on behalf of their subrecipients? Is the Prime required to include subrecipient budgets in full in the EERE Budget Justification, or does the subrecipient submit this separately?

The primary applicant is responsible for collecting and submitting the required documents for their subrecipients. This includes each subrecipient’s Budget Justification.

While the applicant’s Budget Justification workbook must present the entire project, including all work to be performed by the applicant plus any of its proposed subrecipients and contractors, a separate Budget Justification for each proposed subrecipient is also required. Please refer to Appendix C. of the RFPI for additional subrecipient documentation requirements, as indicated by Note a.

Do second-tier or lower-tier participants need to complete and sign the RFPI Agreement?

No, second-tier or lower-tier participants do not need to complete the acknowledgement to enter a Subrecipient Agreement as noted in section 6 of the Request For Proposal Information document (RFPI). Proposals submitted to USCAR LLC in response to the RFPI must be submitted by entities responding as first-tier subrecipients. Second-tier subrecipients must submit their proposals and attendant cost estimates to proposing first-tier subrecipients. Proposing tier 1 subrecipients must ensure that all named collaborating organizations at any tier necessary to execute the statement of work being proposed agree to the need to comply with the mandatory flow down terms. USABC LLC therefore recommends proposing tier 1 parties take appropriate steps to ensure proposing lower tier subrecipient or other collaborating organizations understand the need for the entire project team to comply with mandatory cooperative agreement flow-down requirements. The updated RFPI Agreement clarifies that the proposal submission is not itself a binding contractual agreement, but an acknowledgment required for proposal consideration.

RFPI-Technology Specific Questions

Active Materials

Will cathode active materials that cannot meet all of the targets in Appendix A, but nonetheless present some advantages for electric vehicles, be considered? For example, if an LFP cannot meet the capacity and voltage targets set forth in Appendix A but it would still be appealing for use in electric vehicles due to its low cost and domestic sourcing.

Our targets are designed to be chemistry agnostic, but we understand that some targets may not be obtainable for some chemistries. Programs are evaluated based on a quantitative evaluation compared to our targets, so in theory, a very strong showing in some performance categories may be able to overcome shortcomings elsewhere to make a compelling proposal.

This could also be a candidate for the low-cost/earth-abundant EV RFPI if an applicant can either develop their own full cell or partner with a supplier that would be using their cathode for an EV cell.

Electrolytes

For the electrolyte RFPI, how much of the technology description should be about meeting the electrolyte goals vs enabling cells to reach their target goals?

The final evaluation of program success is generally done as a gap comparison to the performance targets, but it can be helpful to detail cell-level benefits as part of the narrative, especially if you believe it is not addressed in the performance targets table.

In the Electrolytes RFPIs, Appendix B (liquid electrolytes) shows only materials level performance targets and not cell level performance targets like Appendix A (solid electrolytes) has. What should the cell-level performance targets be for liquid electrolytes?
Please refer to the USABC EV Performance Targets which can be downloaded from the Goals section of the USABC website.
Table 1 showing the ‘Developer cost share requirement for each technology’ doesn’t have a line item for Mn-rich technologies (e.g. LMNO, layered-layered LMR which are nickel free) – since these types of materials are in an earlier phase of development than NMC would the cost share for those technologies be 20%?

As stated under section 3.5 of the RFPI, if you are uncertain about the required cost share, we advise using a conservative cost share of 50%. Likewise, if a proposed technology is not specifically listed in Table 1, we suggest using the same conservative cost share rate of 50%.

Inactive Materials

Is the cost share different for an inactive material that enables Graphite/NMC cells vs Si majority cells?

Yes, this is possible.

Is it encouraged to apply to the Inactive Material RFPI with an inactive material that enables better performance for Si?

This would likely fall under Area of Interest 5 in Section 2, “Other – Innovation and Enablers.” Please note that there is no comparison chart guidance in Appendix A for AOI 5 because it would not be possible to cover all potential enabling components. In this case, the developer should propose metrics for comparison to state of the art technology for the RFPI reviewers to evaluate.

Another option would be to partner with a company developing silicon anodes and apply to the EV Cells RFPI or Active Materials RFPI.

What entails a majority Si anode?

Si content greater than 50%.

Low-Cost Earth Abundant EV Cells

Can development work be done in cells of the same materials but a different size than the deliverable cells? For example, the deliverable cells for the Earth Abundant RFPI must be 10 Ah (pouch or prismatic) or 2 Ah (cylindrical). However, in between those large cell format deliverables due at beginning, midpoints, and end of the program, can testing be done in 230 mAh pouches for faster experiment and development turnaround?

The developer can do their development work in whatever format they feel is most suitable for them. The cell size request is for deliverable cells.

Prototype Cell Fabricators

Fabricators are asked to provide a minimum of 32 sample cells made using “commercially available materials.” Is the choice of materials left up to the fabricator or do they need to be approved or selected by the USABC?

As outlined in the RFPI document Section 3.2, we kindly ask the Fabricator to provide details regarding the cells they are capable of manufacturing. Based on this information, USABC will select cells within the Fabricator’s capabilities (cell chemistry, format, size, capacity, etc.) and request their fabrication. Once the cell chemistry is determined, the selection of commercially available materials may be made by the Fabricator based on prior experience; however, this can be further discussed when USABC places the cell request.

Will 2170 and similar cells can be considered for the cell proto facility, or will USABC restrict this exclusively to the ability to make >10Ah cells?

As described in Section 3.2 of the RFPI document, ‘the cells may vary in capacity – ranging from smaller 1-2 Ah cells to larger cells at least 10 Ah – as well as in format, depending on the intended purpose.’ We do not restrict fabricators to producing cells larger than 10 Ah; we are open to any format, including cylindrical designs. Fabricators may provide information on their capabilities regardless of format or capacity. After reviewing the proposals, and if it is selected, USABC will request the fabricator to produce sample cells with the specific format and capacity based on the capabilities provided.

I am building a battery manufacturing pilot line for TRL 4-6. We are unfortunately not going to be operational until Q42026 because we started the award in October 2025. Is it worthwhile for us to apply to the Prototype Cell Fabricator RFP given our current status?

As stated in the RFPI requirements, “at the time of proposal submission, all fabricators will be required to demonstrate the capability to manufacture cells by leveraging relevant hardware (e.g., mixing, coating, cell assembly, etc.) and adapting to various levels of the battery manufacturing process.” Based on this requirement, we regret to inform you that if your operations are not expected to be operational until Q4 2026, the timing may not align well with the requirements of this RFPI.

Separators

My inquiry centers around whether the separator RFPI is geared toward separator manufacturers only or would any separator technology fall within the scope of the RFPI?

The competencies of the developer and the projected likelihood of the developer to manufacture in US are taken into consideration when evaluating proposals but being an established high volume manufacturer of separator is not a requirement to respond to the RFPI.

Have another question? Ask for help here: USABC Help